A : address record (RFC 1035)
Returns a 32-bit IPv4 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host, but also used for DNSBLs, storing subnet masks in RFC 1101, etc.

NSEC : Next-Secure record (RFC 4034)
Part of DNSSEC—used to prove a name does not exist. Uses the same format as the (obsolete) NXT record.

TA : DNSSEC Trust Authorities (None)
Part of a deployment proposal for DNSSEC without a signed DNS root. See the IANA database and Weiler Spec] for details. Uses the same format as the DS record.

DLV : DNSSEC Lookaside Validation record (RFC 4431)
For publishing DNSSEC trust anchors outside of the DNS delegation chain. Uses the same format as the DS record. RFC 5074 describes a way of using these records.

SPF : SPF record (RFC 4408)
Specified as part of the SPF protocol, as an alternative to storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the TXT record.

AFSDB : AFS database record (RFC 1183)
Location of database servers of an AFS cell. This record is commonly used by AFS clients to contact AFS cells outside their local domain. A subtype of this record is used by the obsolete DCE/DFS file system.

TKEY : Transaction Key (RFC 2930)
One way of providing a key to be used with TSIG

* : All cached records (RFC 1035)
Returns all records of all types known to the name server. If the name server does not have any information on the name, the request will be forwarded on. The records returned may not be complete. For example, if there is both an A and an MX for a name, but the name server has only the A record cached, only the A record will be returned.

NSEC3PARAM : NSEC3 parameters (RFC 5155)
Parameter record for use with NSEC3

CNAME : Canonical name record (RFC 1035)
Alias of one name to another: the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name.

NSEC3 : NSEC record version 3 (RFC 5155)
An extension to DNSSEC that allows proof of nonexistence for a name without permitting zonewalking

TSIG : Transaction Signature (RFC 2845)
Record that supports one set of security mechanisms for DNS. Used to secure communication between DNS resolvers and Name servers, in contrast to DNSSEC, which secures the actual DNS records from the authoritative name server.

KEY : Key record (RFC 4034)
Used only for TKEY (RFC 2930). Before RFC 3755 was published, this was also used for DNSSEC, but DNSSEC now uses DNSKEY.

SSHFP : SSH Public Key Fingerprint (RFC 4255)
Resource record for publishing SSH public host key fingerprints in the DNS System, in order to aid in verifying the authenticity of the host.

AAAA : IPv6 address record (RFC 3596)
Returns a 128-bit IPv6 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host.

NAPTR : Naming Authority Pointer (RFC 3403)
Allows regular expression based rewriting of domain names which can then be used as URIs, further domain names to lookups, etc.

CERT : Certificate record (RFC 4398)
Stores PKIX, SPKI, PGP, etc.

PTR : pointer record (RFC 1035)
Pointer to a canonical name. Unlike a CNAME, DNS processing does NOT proceed, just the name is returned. The most common use is for implementing reverse DNS lookups, but other uses include such things as DNS-SD.